Synovial sarcoma is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that typically arises near joints, particularly around the extremities like the arms and legs. Despite its name, it does not originate from the synovial tissue within joints, but it can occur in close proximity to these structures. 

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Synovial sarcoma can affect individuals of any age, but it commonly presents in adolescents and young adults, with a slightly higher prevalence in males. The exact cause of synovial sarcoma is unknown, and it is not associated with specific genetic mutations or risk factors.

 

Location: Synovial sarcomas frequently develop in the lower extremities, particularly around the knee joint. However, they can also occur in other areas such as the arms, hands, feet, trunk, or head and neck region.

 

Tendency to invade adjacent tissues: Synovial sarcomas have a propensity to invade nearby structures such as tendons, muscles, and nerves, which can impact treatment and prognosis. 

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Unique genetic abnormality: The majority of synovial sarcomas carry a genetic alteration called a translocation between chromosomes X and 18, resulting in the formation of a fusion gene known as the SYT-SSX gene. This gene fusion is a hallmark of synovial sarcoma and aids in its diagnosis.